Investigating the Internal Factors of Organization

Question: Depict about the Investigating the Internal Factors of Organization. Answer: Hierarchical and Management for Australia Fare are as per the following:- Association According to Paul, he needs a staff of eight individuals. The staff should be employed will incorporate a front house administrator, two gourmet experts, and five holding up staff. For recruiting process, Paul will by and by select competitors according to the prerequisites of the eatery. Australia Fare is a café that serves credible Australian food. Consequently, it is important that the recruited staffs, particularly the gourmet experts are very much aware of the food. A powerful meeting process should be intended to set up the eatery with proficient and devoted individuals for each position. Every applicant will be assessed and evaluated by the pre-planned and characterized set of measures. Checking of foundation and references gave by the competitors will be done to check the validness of the candidate. Enlistment endeavors will move around the referrals (Aminzadeh Adibpour, 2016). The executives Australia Fare is claimed by Paul. He has a great deal of understanding as he has worked in the assortment of friendliness scenes all around the Australia. This has given him a great deal of thoughts, comprehension, and information on Australian cooking and different foods affected by it. This is the explanation that he chose to serve Australian cooking in his eatery. His insight makes him the best individual to take over as General Manager of the café. Someone else will be employed as the staff house chief who will have the experience of running an eatery with the comparative limit and holds a decent record of serving in cordiality field (Binder, 2016). Ecological and Social Impacts Ecological effect Knowing the natural components and their effects are significant. It incorporates the outer and inside components that influence an association. To evaluate the effect of the outer factors all the elements like government rules, enactment, rivalry, food patterns and so forth should be examined. Despite the fact that outside elements can't be controlled entirely, still a few stages could be taken to limit their belongings. For interior ecological elements, SWOT Analysis will help Paul in the most ideal manner. It will be telling the positives of the café that is the qualities and openings and negatives of the eatery by the dangers and shortcomings. Dealing with shortcomings and dangers will improve the working and benefit of the eatery. Openings can be use to support the eatery (Greenberg, 2014). Social effect every nation has their special socio-culture. It is critical to follow that to make progress. Here Paul is opening a café that shows the food culture of a nation. It turns out to be significant that everything about the social and social exercises of Australia is known by Paul and other staff-individuals from the eatery. Examination of the way of life and public activity of Australian individuals and networks will help in making progress and serving the validness in the eatery. In spite of the fact that Paul is very much aware of the way of life of Australia as he has worked in numerous pieces of Australia, it is essential to realize whatever one can discover about the nearby network and their life and culture (Fedosova, 2015). Hazard Factors and Regulatory Compliance Hazard Factors The elements that can demonstrate negative for the working of the café and should be considered previously are as per the following:- Lacking Funds-there is a great deal of contrast in the arranging and the common sense. The spending plan chose for the undertaking may differ from the plans, because of different expected or unforeseen reasons. Likewise, it isn't fundamental that the café begins winning benefit from the very first moment. It might need to battle even to get the costs secured. Along these lines, it gets important to have sufficient subsidizing for a while ahead (Huang, 2010). Requesting remaining task at hand opening an eatery is a requesting work. One needs to work through day and night to make a fantasy materialize. The requesting outstanding burden may prompt dampening, which influences the working of the individual. Area getting an ideal spot for an eatery is significant, on the grounds that it might go about as a significant hazard particularly in the neighborliness business (Kaplan, 2006). Administrative Compliance The principles and guidelines need to follow while running and opening an eatery are as per the following:- Zoning-It is significant for the café proprietor to discover the lawful commitments should be filled for a specific zone while opening eateries. There are numerous zones like a business, private, official, and so forth each zone has its one of a kind lawful prerequisites. It is critical to discover the legitimate commitments required to round out of the zone where Australia Fare is opening. Permitting For selling food one needs to get the permit to do as such and furthermore keep a beware of the quality and grade of food he is serving (Kavanagh, 2014). Corporate Governance The standard, practices, procedures, and framework by which an organization is controlled and coordinated is known a Corporate Governance. It includes the enthusiasm of partners which incorporates the administration, clients, agents, government, and network. On account of Pauls eatery the corporate overseeing body will be Paul himself. He will go about as the corporate body that will set the objectives for the organization to help all the partners (Polit, 2012). He will be enveloping each circle of the board required to run the café. He will make all the activity plans and execute them. On the off chance that he has employed assistance to take care of the procedure, at that point he can make him actualize the arrangement chose by him is best for the eatery. The estimation of the presentation of the assistance, the execution of the arrangement, and the exposure of the enterprise are to be finished by Paul. It will be Pauls choice to handover a portion of his obligations to his staff individuals. This will assist him with looking after every part of the organization (Roessner, 2014). Here administration alludes to the arrangement of controls, approaches, decides and guidelines that are set up to keep up the corporate conduct. All the partners influence the administration of an association. The significant job in administration and choice were taken in administration is played by the top managerial staff, which for this situation is Paul (Tiwari Winters, 2016). References Aminzadeh, S. Adibpour, M. (2016). Examining the Internal Factors of Organization Affecting the Banks Risk.IOSR Journal Of Economics And Finance,07(04), 115-120. Cover, C. (2016). Coordinating Organizational-Cultural Values With Performance Management.Journal Of Organizational Behavior Management,36(2-3), 185-201. Fedosova, R. (2015). Appraisal of hazard factors influencing on the security on the organization.Effective Crisis Management, (6), 100. Greenberg, M. (2014). Serialization: Benefits Beyond Regulatory Compliance.Therapeutic Innovation Regulatory Science,48(6), NP22-NP27. Huang, C. (2010). Corporate administration, corporate social duty and corporate performance.Journal Of Management Organization,16(05), 641-655. Kaplan, R. (2006). Step by step instructions to actualize another procedure without disturbing your organization.Strategic Direction,22(8). Kavanagh, D. (2014). Talking Organization.Organization Management Journal,11(1), 3-3. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15416518.2014.907731 Polit, S. (2012). The Organizational Impacts of Managing Social Marketing Interventions.Social Marketing Quarterly,18(2), 124-134. Roessner, U. (2014). The political decision process for the Board of Directors of the Metabolomics Society: call for assignment of new board directors.Metabolomics,10(3). Tiwari, R. Winters, J. (2016). The demise of vital arrangement: scrutinizing the job of vital arrangement in self-started ventures depending on partner collaboration.International Planning Studies, 1-11.

English Commentary The following is a commentary o Essays

English Commentary coming up next is a discourse o Essays English Commentary Coming up next is a discourse on passage in P.G 211 a 212 in the Distress of War.. The section from page 211 to 212 has a significant importance to the story all in all. It has a ton of illustrations and metaphors that add to the miserable state of mind of the story. In the first place, the section is beautiful, comparing past pictures of life to future also, present pictures of death and demolition. In explicit it compares the everlasting magnificence of his better half Phuong to the awful certainty of war. The section is written in the straightforward past tense, the ideal past tense which implies the past before the past and the speculative would so as to stress Kien's profound longings to remember the past. It additionally gives us how Kien lost his soul of battling, and surrendered trust. This is profound misfortune, and it is the thing that most warriors were encountering. There is fundamentally no more expectation, no more life, just passing. By and large, the passage reflects pictures of the distresses of war. The distresses and impacts of war are obviously demonstrated when the storyteller turns around customary images. The principal exceptionally apparent case of switching conventional images is the storyteller's utilization of the idea of wonder and dream not to discuss a future objective however about the past. Subsequently coming back to the past and thinking that its unaltered turns into a wonder and a fantasy. We for the most part long for the future and trust in a marvel that would transform us. Anyway the supernatural occurrence that Kien anticipates is to find that the past still exists immaculate and untainted. Obviously that supernatural occurrence is unimaginable and thusly the passage has a profound nostalgic pity. Like Kien, we can feel the agonizing incongruity of the inconceivability of this supernatural occurrence to occur. Different pictures work similarly to show Kien's gloom and misfortune of expectation. He saw a waterway extending before him. He saw himself skimming towards his demise. Here the storyteller looks at the stream to a way that closes life. In any case, we typically partner streams with opportunity also, continuous life. The storyteller additionally says destiny stood by to take him from the awful present to the cheerful days of the past. The storyteller is giving us the amount he aches to remember the past and how he fears the present, and perspectives his future as an unpleasant timeframe. In the start of the passage, the storyteller makes a wonderful world immaculate by war through numerous wonderful pictures. The storyteller says she would have been untainted by war. This gives us how war has destroyed the young lady Kien cherished. The storyteller makes pictures in our brains; about how his better half would be on the off chance that it wasnt for war. She would be always wonderful., Phong would stay youthful perpetually, and Nobody could ever approached her magnificence. The storyteller utilizes perpetually and ever and this brings out the picture of a great interminable life, that would have existed on the off chance that it hadnt been for war. The storyteller employments a few likenesses that give an idyllic inclination to the passage. The storyteller says As a green knoll and as fragrant blossoms. These likenesses give us how much the storyteller feels glad when he recollects or discusses the past, or about the pre-war period. In our brains this wonderful universe of endless and unaltered love is compared with the appalling truth of Kien alone in his room. The entry moves from portraying Kien's aching for a marvel to a dream he has. This move mirrors an adjustment in his viewpoint from an unimaginable would like to profound misery. Would be a marvel, would be untainted and would be immaculate, unaltered. The reiteration of the word would gives us a picture of a speculative chance. In differentiate, Kien's fantasy is an encounter he remembers around evening time when he says spreading before him were the previous forty years. It is clear that Kien has changed from dreaming about a delightful unaltered past to remembering it around evening time. The storyteller unmistakably shows to us the distresses of war through the pictures he makes in our brains. He utilizes the words demise, devastation and war while discussing

Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words - 1

Vital administration - Essay Example Unsettling influence in North Africa and the Middle East had noteworthy effect (Jones, 2012) while Uganda held onto contested permit of TOC and held its 33% stake deal to legacy and CNOC (Mason, 2011c) ECONOMIC Significant wellspring of income for nation. Increment in charge from UK administration of around ?10 billion brought about expanded worries from oil and gas investigation organizations asserting negative effect on work misfortunes and family charges (Mason, 2011b) TECHNOLOGICAL Extensive innovative mastery is required for oil and gas investigation. TOC has marked multi year contract with FMC advances for activities in Subsea administrations (PennEnergy Editorial Staff, 2013). SOCIAL Development of investigation plants brings about social advancement of the nation. Common society focuses on the responsibility need of installment from oil and gas organizations to regions and their separate use (Stewart, 2011). Ecological Business has critical effect in the earth. Investigation in Savanna and Wetlands was cautioned for influencing characteristic land to elephants and lions by UNESCO (Manson, 2011a) LEGAL Governments are expanding pressures with expanded assessment framework in lieu of draining world oil holds (Holmes, 2011). INDUSTRY ASSESSMENT Oil and Gas investigation industry is expanding serious no matter how you look at it. BHP Billiton, Centrica, Shell, E.ON, Bayerngas UK, Bridge Energy, ConocoPhillips, DONG Energy, Endeavor, GDF SUEZ, iGas, Perenco, Total and Tullow Oil conforms to 60% of the UK oil creation. Expanded seriousness is available in the business regardless of substantial capitalization which turns into an obstruction to the business. For example, ongoing proposal from Uruguay for the investigation got 15 offers from nine members while four were allowed rights. The offer made for 15 squares yet acknowledged offers for nine just while each square had rivalry among multiple bidders (Webber, 2012). Inferable from world’s expanded nee d of vitality the haggling intensity of purchaser is constantly diminishing while the intensity of provider is reliably rising. Sustainable power source offering substitute are as yet not ready to influence the interest of the vitality. Extraordinary rivalry has gone contenders to move towards key communitarian adventures. Interior ASSESSMENT: Market Line (2012) has led inside and out evaluation of Tullow and has distinguished after SWOT factors: STRENGTHS WEAKNESS Competitive preferred position of driving oil and gas investigation business in Africa. Tullow has noteworthy resources across Europe, Asia and South America notwithstanding Africa. The organization has critical obligation of around $2,854 million of every 2011, which is a huge increment from $1,943 million out of 2010. Henceforth, attributable to developing serious weights colossal obligation can contrarily affect Tullow’s ability to contend. Openings THREATS The procurement that has been Tullow’s system to improve its portfolio despite everything offers extraordinary open doors in future. Current improvements in Uganda and Ghana, for example, advancement of Jubilee oil Field have potential for future turn of events. Tullow has significant capital undertakings in progress while ventures for FY2012 measured around $ 2 billion. Capital consumptions acquired and arranged offer more noteworthy open doors for future. Huge players of industry than Tullow has altogether more prominent quality from all points of view, for example, innovation, monetary assets subsequently present genuine dangers. Oil

Technology in Learning Innovation

Question: Writeabout theTechnology in Learning for Innovation. Answer: It is evident that innovation through the advanced media has assumed a urgent job in the social world as well as in the advanced education. The advanced advances have gotten indivisible to young people, who structure the biggest bunch of people in the organizations of higher learning. The development has acquired change the manner in which understudies get to and recovers data for use in their group work and broad research. The nearness of thorough data in digital books and web crawlers give a variety of information fundamental for boosting examines. The paper presents the writing on the utilization of innovation in saddling instruction among the advanced education understudies. Relationship of American Publishers (2016) in its article proposes an abrupt move in the utilization of print course books to inclination on the online books and sources. In reality, people have moved their examination road dependent on the far reaching utilization of online innovation in school libraries rather than perusing the books in that. One reason for the move is the pace of the trouble of experienced while utilizing the print book in discovering data for inquire about purposes. The advanced innovation permits information access at the snap of a catch which diverts understudies to the specific data along these lines giving a lot of data on the equivalent (Haghi Luppicini, 2010). For this situation, it is clear that the advanced innovation has improved the rate at which understudies utilize the media for training purposes. The advanced innovation has altered and made simple the way toward realizing which expands the differing idea of information obtaining. Rennis, McNamara, Seidel and Shneyderman, (2015) affirm that electronic assets have a significant impact in giving education data to students. Understudies stay dynamic clients of the web who normally look the web for differing reasons. One of the essential reasons incorporates those that identify with instruction as and when they find testing issues in training. In spite of their admission to the way that it aids instruction, the creators affirm the over guilty pleasure of the web based life which may occupy their consideration. Notwithstanding, note that the arrangement of the web has changed the scene of learning dependent on the dynamic and top to bottom research and information showed by understudies in the ebb and flow times. Learning in the current age uses a lot of data innovation across foundations of higher learning. Karamti (2016), in his examination on the take-up of ICT in advanced education focuses to the truth of the current ages endeavors towards the selection and utilization of innovation in learning. The contextual investigation did in Tunisia among understudies records an expanded utilization of computerized innovation in learning exercises. The discoveries show the acknowledgment of the current age to the innovation use which has affected emphatically on their instruction improvement. The help by colleges in grasping change affects the understudies who select to utilize it in their instructive procedure. The varieties in the instruction organizations by outfitting themselves with the most recent innovation in their examinations impact the utilization of advanced innovation towards supporting understudy learning. Dark and Lassmann (2016) discuss the force realized by the utilization of innovation in school and colleges in their English study halls. Appointing understudies undertakings and conversation gatherings to be done and answered through similar media impacts the likelihood of understudies doing their examination from the online advanced innovation. The investigation demonstrates a high rate where understudies use the open doors brought by the computerized innovation in supporting their learning. Besides, Dooley, Ellison, Welch, Allen and Bauer (2016) reinforce the way that understudies profit by the utilization of innovation in their investigations. The demonstration of instructors incorporating computerized apparatuses into their every day exercises while conveying content centered guidelines improves the pace of appropriation by understudies. Understudies will in general imitate perspectives watched and will be bound to utilize a similar road in their particular research exercises. Establishments which grasp data innovation in their framework bring about the ensuing utilization of innovation by their understudies in their individual instructive exercises. The utilization of the advanced innovation in learning gives broad data fundamental to improved comprehension and family in advanced education (Haghi Luppicini, 2010). Along these lines, understudies profit by the cooperation and resulting designation of errands to be submitted online for evaluation. Simultaneously, under studies will in general utilize the online books in their investigations in this way profiting by the arrangement. ifti (2016) in his investigation proposes the chance of understudies utilizing the innovation in improving their ability in directing exploration. The worldwide world is turning out to be dynamic where understudies need data on different societies that promptly exists in the advanced innovation that encourages comprehension and understanding of societies. The investigation suggests that an expanded information is inescapable in the process which is upgraded by the understudy's reception of innovation use. Innovation is basic in the current age enrolled by a high use from the adolescents and students in a various organization (Dwyer, 2016). The contextual analysis gives proof that advanced education understudies misuse openings gave by the computerized innovation in supporting their learning. Notwithstanding, Millar and Schrier (2015) propose that the utilization of reading material stays set up in spite of the critical impact of the computerized innovation in training. In away, the focuses sent in their article end up being genuine dependent on the insights introduced recommending a high likelihood of understudies covering a specific point utilizing a print book instead of digital book (Dwyer, 2016). Understudies at this stage are regularly occupied by the compulsion to move their consideration regarding the internet based life which contorts their fixation and inclusion in examines. Subsequently, understudies wind up doing little when perusing from digital books in this manner demonstrating the noteworthy impact of the print media in training. The discoveries as indicated by Miller and Schrier (2015) show that the nearness of computerized innovation in learning has carried less impact to the training gauges of people. Advanced innovation remains a vital part of the present age that communicates a sharp take-up of the equivalent. Understudies in the higher learning organizations are made out of a dominant part of young people who grasp innovation in the majority of their activities. The various creators imply the way that innovation has been utilized by understudies in higher learning organizations to better their investigations. Data get to stays open in various methods because of the computerized innovation in instruction. In this way, it is obvious that understudies are progressively misusing the open doors gave by computerized innovation in helping their learning exercises. References Relationship of American Publishers (2016). Understudies learn better utilizing on the web sources.UWIRE Text. Dark, B., LASSMANN, M. E. (2016). dark, b., lassmann, m. e. (2016). utilization of innovation in school and college english classrooms.College Student Journal,50(4), 617-623. ifti, E. Y. (2016). A Review of Research on Intercultural Learning through Computer-Based Digital Technologies.Educational Technology Society,19(2), 313-327. Dooley, C. M., Lewis Ellison, T., Welch, M. M., Allen, M., Bauer, D. (2016). Advanced participatory instructional method: Digital interest as a strategy for innovation joining in curriculum.Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education,32(2), 52-62. Dwyer, B. (2016). Connecting All Students in Internet Research and Inquiry.Reading Teacher,69(4), 383-389. Haghi, A. K., Luppicini, R. (2010).Cases on Digital Technologies in Higher Education : Issues and Challenges. Hershey, PA: IGI Global. Karamti, C. (2016). Estimating the effect of ICTs on scholastic execution: proof from advanced education in Tunisia.Journal Of Research On Technology In Education, (4), 322. Millar, M., Schrier, T. (2015). Advanced or Printed Textbooks: Which do Students Prefer and Why?.Journal Of Teaching In Travel Tourism,15(2), 166-185 Rennis, L., McNamara, G., Seidel, E., Shneyderman, Y. (2015). Google it!: urban junior college understudies' utilization of the web to acquire self-care and individual wellbeing information.College Student Journal, (3), 414.

What Are the Signs That You Are Severely Depressed

What Are the Signs That You Are Severely Depressed Depression Symptoms Print Signs That You Are Severely Depressed By Nancy Schimelpfening Nancy Schimelpfening, MS is the administrator for the non-profit depression support group Depression Sanctuary. Nancy has a lifetime of experience with depression, experiencing firsthand how devastating this illness can be. Learn about our editorial policy Nancy Schimelpfening Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 03, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 Depression Overview Types Symptoms Causes & Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Coping ADA & Your Rights Depression in Kids Jamie Larsen / EyeEm / Getty Images In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview Signs & Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Coping View All There are several types of depression, and while they may share some common symptoms, each person’s experience with depression will be different. One way depression can vary from person to person is symptom severity.   The degree to which a person’s symptoms interfere with their day-to-day life, such as causing them to miss school or work, also helps doctors determine which type of depression they have.   Overview Symptoms of depression can occur along a spectrum both in duration and severity. Mild depression can occur during periods of stress but resolve with time and may not require any specific treatment. Moderate to severe depression causes chronic symptoms and usually requires at least one form of treatment, if not multiple.   Some types of depression respond well to commonly prescribed treatments, such as antidepressant medications and therapy. Other forms of depression can be debilitating and resistant to medication, making them more challenging to treat.   If someone has severe depression, they may self-harm, have suicidal thoughts, or be at risk for attempting suicide.?? If you are severely depressed, you can get support to manage your symptoms and ensure your safety and well-being. Symptoms There is no set definition of severe depression. If you are diagnosed with a form of depression, the severity of the condition will be assessed by your doctor or a mental health professional based on their training and experience.   When determining if depression is severe, there are some key signs and symptoms clinicians consider, including: Psychosis: Symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations indicate a person has experienced a break from reality. Psychotic depression symptoms may include:?? AgitationExtreme anxietyPhysical immobilityTrouble falling asleepIntellectual impairmentDelusions or hallucinationsBelieving that one is ill despite evidence to the contrary What Is Psychotic Depression? Melancholia: Feelings of profound sadness are common with depression and may be persistent and intense.   Physical effects of depression: Depression has symptoms felt in the body, such as sleep disturbance, appetite changes, poor concentration or memory, and a loss of interest in sex.   Psychomotor changes: Noticeable slowing down of mental and physical activity can occur in mental illnesses and neurological conditions.   Suicidal thoughts and behaviors: Strong signs of suicidality include talking about wanting to die, making plans, or attempting to take one’s own life.   Warning signs of suicidal intention include:?? Extreme agitation or anxietyWithdrawal from friends or familyChanges in eating or sleeping habitsIntense changes in mood/mood swingsTalking a lot about death, dying, and violenceEngaging in risky or self-destructive behaviorIncreased use of substances (drugs, alcohol)Seeming or feeling trapped or hopeless in one’s situationTalking about suicide or wishing that one hadnt been bornSaying goodbye to friends and family as though for the last timeGetting ones affairs in order (drawing up a will, giving away possessions)  Acquiring the means to commit suicide (purchasing a gun, accumulating a large number of pills) What You Can Do If you are severely depressed and suicidal, there are resources that can help, including the following:Your doctor or psychotherapistSuicide hotlines including the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, which you can call at 1-800-273-TALK (1-800-273-8255)911 or local emergency services where you liveIf you are concerned that someone will harm themselves or someone else, is suicidal, or is experiencing psychosis, stay with the person and call 911 or the number for emergency services where you live.   Diagnosing Severe Depression Guidelines such as those found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) help doctors and mental health professionals systematically assess a persons symptoms. These criteria can be changed and are periodically updated when new research findings become available. Quantitative scales help researchers measure and organize symptoms, as well as designate a “cutoff point” for what’s considered “severe depression” for the purpose of a specific study. However, methodologies vary between studies and researchers, meaning there isn’t a single definition of severe depression across the board.   Researchers have been using such scales since the 1960s. One of the first, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, is still sometimes used today. However, in current clinical practice, there are many more scales available that are better suited for doctors to use with patients. There are even scales patients can use on their own to track or self-report depression symptoms.   While scales can offer key insights, they tend to be quite different from one another. The way they are administered, the questions they ask, and the way the answers are interpreted may not be the same from one scale to the next.   A lack of standardization means that if a person’s depression symptoms are assessed with different scales by different providers, the diagnosis may not be consistent. Some providers don’t use them in clinical practice unless a patient is taking medications, whereas others use them regularly.   The inconsistencies of the tools, their use, and interpretation can make it challenging to determine the severity of someone’s depression, as different scales may provide different (even conflicting) results.     That said, when used along with other diagnostic measures and the judgment of an experienced clinician, the scales can be useful tools.   Some of the most popular depression scales include: Carroll Rating Scale (CRS)Children’s Depression Inventory  (CDI)Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)Major Depression Inventory (MDI)Rome Depression Inventory (RDI)Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II)Zung Self-Rating Depression Scales (SDS)Clinically Useful Depression Outcome Scale (CUDOS)Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS)Plutchik-Van Praag Self-Report Depression Scale (PVP)Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D)Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and adolescent PHQ-9   How Depression Tests Work Some scales, such as the Beck Depression Inventory, are copyright protected and not available outside of a doctor’s office or mental health clinic (as they must be paid for). However, some inventories, scales, and questionnaires are in the public domain.   The PHQ, for example, is available for free online and in over 30 languages. It can be downloaded as a PDF or accessed as an interactive quiz on several reputable mental health websites.   Treatment Research has suggested that there are several factors that influence the severity of depression, such as how long symptoms have lasted, whether the condition has been treated, and how well a specific treatment worked.?? Individual risk factors for depression, such as ones environment, genetics, and other health conditions, can also influence how prone to depression someone is. If someone has severe depression that has not responded well to first-line treatments like antidepressant medication or psychotherapy, there are other types of treatment they can try, including: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) Your doctor and mental health care team can help you evaluate all the different depression treatment options.   It can take time to find the method that works best for you. You may need to try more than one form of treatment or use multiple (such as antidepressants and therapy) at the same time to effectively manage your symptoms. Coping There are also some steps you can take on your own as you are navigating depression treatment and learning to cope with and manage your symptoms.   Creating a support network of caring people, eating well, getting enough sleep, exercising regularly, and avoiding drugs and alcohol are all lifestyle changes that can not only improve your mood but your overall health and well being as well. The Best Online Therapy Programs A Word From Verywell While there is no set definition of severe depression, it’s clear that depression and its symptoms exist on a spectrum of severity. Some people have symptoms that get better with time and don’t disrupt their day-to-day lives. Others have symptoms that respond well to treatment, such as antidepressants and psychotherapy. When people have chronic symptoms of depression that do not get better with time or common treatments, they may worry that they will never be able to cope. People who are severely depressed may be at an increased risk of suicide. While it may take more time to find the most effective way to manage symptoms of severe depression, know that the situation is not hopeless. If you are trying to find the right treatment, keep in mind that there are other ways you can support yourself through the process, such as focusing on eating a nutritious diet, adding in some physical activity, and trying your best to get enough sleep.   7 Types of Depression You May Not Know About

Demographic influence - 4125 Words

Demographic influence on ischemic heart diseases (IHD) (Dissertation Review Sample) Content: DEMOGRAPHIC INFLUENCE ON ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASES (IHD): LITERATURE REVIEWYour Name hereUnit Code and Unit TitleProfessor/InstructorDate HereLiterature ReviewGeneral View of Ischemic Heart DiseaseSecondary prevention for ischemic heart disease is hardly the main focus for epidemiology research and clinical practice. The risk factors that influence IHD have become more involved in practice as practitioners take responsibility for preventing occlusion or angioplastry during operation. Preventive cardiology appears to favor one segement of the population more than others. The landmark heart study conducted by Framingham that was done in 1948 transformed the beliefs of the time about heart disease. It set the pace for a paradigm shift in approaches to cardiovascular diseases. The popular belief during the time of the study was that aging was the primary cause of coronary diseases. The study however brought out the concept of risk factors with the suggestion that coronary d iseases can be prevented by a change in lifestyles.[Alka Kanaaya, Deborah Grady, Elizabeth Barrett. Explaining the sex difference in coronary heart diseasesmortality among patients with type 2 diabetes: a metaanalysis, Arch Intern Med. 2002, 162:1737-1745] Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity across the globe. Despite the existence of effective methods for reducing risks, methods of predicting Ischemic heart disease are limited. Equally, methods of classifying individuals according to their demographics is affected by wrong misclassification.[Radek, Bukowski, Davis, Karen, and Wilson, Peter. "Delivery of a Small for Gestational Age Infant and Greater Maternal Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease." Plos ONE 7, no. 3 (March 2012): 1-7.] The Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) also known as the Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is an illness depicted by lowered blood supply to the heart. The word Ischaemia implies reduced blood supply to the heart. The disease is th e leading cause of death in various western nations. Coronary arteries are the principle blood suppliers to the heart as there are no other alternative blood supply. Any blockage on the coronary arteries will have an impact of lowering the heart blood supply. A great percentage of Ischemic heart disease is as a result of atherosclerosis. In most occasions, atherosclerosis may exist even in situations where the artery lumen seems to normal through angiography. Among the various IHD risk factors include smoking and tobacco use, high blood cholesterol, physical inactivity, diabetes mellitus, and obesity and overweight. Though the disease may not be curable, it can be managed through ensuring excellent and appropriate nutrition, appropriate exercise and practice, and good medication.[Patel, V. Ethnic differences in myocardial infarction in patients with hypertension. Q J Med 2008; 101:231236.] AgingAging is the major risk factor for development of ischemic heart disease. Men have a high er risk of developing the condition at old age compared to women. They can begin developing the condition as early as 50 years while women begin ten years later than men. The world health organization has also reported that the major cause of death for people over the age of 65 is cardiovascular diseases. The increase in the number of old people in developed countries has made cardiovascular diseases to be a total burden.The prevalence of the IHD increases with age. Therefore, aging is one of the risk factors in the IHD development with men clinically depicting this disease between 50 and 65 years of age. Females on the other hand manifest the condition approximately 10 years later after menopause. The WHO findings indicate that IHD is the main cause of death for individuals aging above 65 years old. Accordingly, at above 60 years of age, a significant percentage of deaths consist of females. Male and females continue to have the same chance of developing the fatal disease at 60 yea rs and above. In various developed nations, the number and percentage of aging people is rising, which explains the continued decline in mortality and fertility. The increase in aging population in various nations has increased the contribution of IHD to total disease challenge. It is expected with the increasing aging population around the world that the IHD will be maintained as the main cause of death. In countries that have recorded high but declining IHD mortality, it is argued that this development is as a result of changing trends with regard to younger age.[American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics2010 Update. American Heart Association, Inc., 2010.] [Beltrame John, Dreyer Rachel, and Rosanna Tavella. Epidemiology of Coronary Artery Disease. Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Australia, 2009.] IHD is a disease that affects both the adult females and males across the world. However, several studies and reports h ave indicated that male white people have a greater prevalence than other. Arguably, the first manifestation of IHD in females is delayed for approximately ten years when comparison is made to males. There is no sudden rise in IHD death rates for women after menopause, however there is a gradual increase in deaths as females get older. Post-menopause females above 65 years of age succumb to IHD more than males. Nonetheless, IHD does not affect the elderly men and women only, but there are cases of young and middle age people with the disease. The main increases in the development of the heart disease starts at the age of 35 for males. IHD mortality rates are high in black people as compared to white people until at an advanced age where the rates are similar. Accordingly, the white males have a higher death rates at an advanced age as compared to other males. There is an indication that as socioeconomic status goes down, the IHD incidence and death rates goes up. Consequently, there have been greatest reductions in IHD mortality rates for individuals earning highest income and with good education. IHD can develop as a result of genes inherited. This is especially where there has been a history of the heart disease in the family. Evidence have indicated that family history has the possibility of predisposing an individual to premature IHD through genetics and risk factors combination.[Chilton, Robert. Pathophysiology of Coronary Heart Disease: A Brief Review. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine Cardiovascular Disease, 2010.] [Goyal A, and Yusuf S. The burden of cardiovascular disease in the Indian subcontinent. Indian J Med Res 2006;124:23544] The IHD is common in almost all the nations across the world and is prevalent more in white males and aging people. In the beginning of IHD, there occurs severe closure or narrowing of the end branches of the coronary arteries or the large coronary arteries by debris, which showers downstream in the blood flow. The b lockage or closure of the arteries is mainly as a result of atheromatous plaques covering in the artery walls, which causes a heart attack. A heart attack damages the heart muscle through the sudden cut off of the blood supply. IHD is a fatal disease and is the main killer in most nations around the world. In the United Kingdom, the leading killer is the IHD with approximately 82,000 deaths per year. Studies have indicated that male white persons are at more risk of suffering from IHD. In the UK, approximately one out of five males and one out of eight females die from the heart disease. Evidently, the disease generally increase with aging, and affect more male white persons than women. However, studies indicate that there are similar chances of developing the heart diseases for men and women above 60 years. Studies indicate that there are approximately 2.7 million individuals suffering from the heart disease and approximately 2 million other affected by angina, IHD main symptom.[Dw ivedi S, and Jhamb R. Cutaneous markers of coronary artery disease. World J Cardiol 2010; 2: 262.] [American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics2010 Update. American Heart Association, Inc., 2010.] GenderGender is another critical demographic that influences Ischemic heart diseases (IHD). IHD among other cardiovascular condition is a leading cause of mortality among both males and females. The rate of mortality for women is progressive over subsequent years after reaching menopause. More women succumb to death after reaching menopause as compared to men. Alarming research studies have found out that decrease in mortality rate is seen in men more than in women. Even younger women who develop ischemic heart diseases at an early age have high mortality rate compared to men within the same age bracket. It is even further alarming for women following myocardial infarctions because the rate of mortality among them is found to be very high. It is not that mortality rates are higher in female compared to men, however, the men have shown high decline in mortality over a period of four decades compared to women.[Ueshima, H. Sekikawa, a et al. (2008). Cardiovascular disease and risk factors in Asia: aSelected review. Circulation 118(25): 2702-2709.] Kanaya et al brings a different perspective into the issue. The article explains the gender differences in mortality cases due to ischemic heart diseases (IHD) in patients with type 2 diabetes. According to most research studies, diabetes is a strong risk factor for the development of heart diseases in women as compared to men. However, majority of these studies identified by Kanaya have not updated their findings to include other risk factors such as smoking, cholesterol levels, hypertension, and age. The study found out that there is a reduced relative risk for developing cardiovascular diseases in b...

10 Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Mixtures

When you combine two or more materials, you form a mixture. There are two categories of mixtures: homogeneous mixtures and heterogeneous mixtures. Heres a closer look at these types of mixtures and examples of mixtures. Key Takeaways: Mixture A mixture is formed by combining two or more materials.A homogeneous mixture appears uniform, regardless of where you sample it. A heterogeneous mixture contains particles of different shapes or sizes and the composition of one sample may differ from that of another sample.Whether a mixture is heterogeneous or homogeneous depends on how closely you examine it. Sand may appear homogeneous from a distance, yet when you magnify it, it is heterogeneous.Examples of homogeneous mixtures include air, saline solution, most alloys, and bitumen.Examples of heterogeneous mixtures include sand, oil and water, and chicken noodle soup. Homogeneous Mixtures Homogeneous mixtures appear uniform to the eye. They consist of a single phase, be it liquid, gas, or solid, no matter where you sample them or how closely you examine them. The chemical composition is the same for any sample of the mixture. Heterogeneous Mixtures Heterogeneous mixtures are not uniform. If you take two samples from different parts of the mixture, they will not have an identical composition. You can use a mechanical method to separate components of a heterogeneous mixture (e.g., sorting candies in a bowl). Sometimes these mixtures are obvious, where you can see different types of materials in a sample. For example, if you have a salad, you can see different sizes and shapes and types of vegetables. In other cases, you need to look more closely to recognize this mixture. Any mixture that contains more than one phase of matter is a heterogeneous mixture. This can be tricky because a change of conditions can alter a mixture. For example, an unopened soda in a bottle has a uniform composition and is a homogeneous mixture. Once you open the bottle, bubbles appear in the liquid. The bubbles from carbonation are gasses, while the majority of the soda is liquid. An opened can of soda is an example of a heterogeneous mixture. Examples of Mixtures Air is a homogeneous mixture. However, the Earths atmosphere as a whole is a heterogeneous mixture. See the clouds? Thats evidence the composition is not uniform.Alloys are made when two or more metals are mixed together. They usually are homogeneous mixtures. Examples include brass, bronze, steel, and sterling silver. Sometimes multiple phases exist in alloys. In these cases, they are heterogeneous mixtures. The two types of mixtures are distinguished by the size of the crystals that are present.Mixing together two solids, without melting them together, typically results in a heterogeneous mixture. Examples include sand and sugar, salt and gravel, a basket of produce, and a toy box filled with toys.Mixtures in two or more phases are heterogeneous mixtures. Examples include ice cubes in a drink, sand and water, and salt and oil.The liquid that is immiscible form heterogeneous mixtures. A good example is a mixture of oil and water.Chemical solutions are usually homogeneous mixtures. T he exception would be solutions that contain another phase of matter. For example, you can make a homogeneous solution of sugar and water, but if there are crystals in the solution, it becomes a heterogeneous mixture.Many common chemicals are homogeneous mixtures. Examples include vodka, vinegar, and dishwashing liquid.Many familiar items are heterogeneous mixtures. Examples include orange juice with pulp and chicken noodle soup.Some mixtures that appear homogeneous at first glance are heterogeneous upon closer inspection. Examples include blood, soil, and sand.A homogeneous mixture can be a component of a heterogeneous mixture. For example, bitumen (a homogeneous mixture) is a component of asphalt (a heterogeneous mixture). Not a Mixture Technically, if a chemical reaction is occurring when you mix two materials, its not a mixture... at least not until it has finished reacting. If you mix baking soda and vinegar, a chemical reaction occurs. Once the reaction has finished, the remaining material is a mixture.If you mix together ingredients to bake a cake, a chemical reaction occurs between the ingredients. While we use the term mixture in cooking, it doesnt always mean the same thing as the chemistry definition.

The Election Of Obama Into The Highest Political Office

The election of Obama into the highest political office may have created a great euphoria that the United States had moved past the racism that weighed heavily on the country’s history. Today, after the end of his two-term presidency, it is clear that this elation was substantially unfounded as racism is still an adverse reality that confronts minority groups in the society. The disenfranchisement of racial minorities in the United States is traceable to the onset of the institution of slavery, and its alleviation remains elusive to date particularly because of capitalism. The purpose of this essay is to demonstrate that capitalism is inherently a turbine that constantly produces and strengthens inequalities while finding pretexts to†¦show more content†¦Capitalism refers to an economic system whereby ownership of as well as investment in the means of production is made by private corporations or individuals to whom wealth accrues since they own the means of producti on. Society morphed from the feudal system to a bourgeois one that did not eliminate class antagonisms (Marx and Engels para 8). Instead, â€Å"it has but established new classes, new conditions of oppression, new forms of struggle in place of the old ones† (Marx and Engels para 9). At best, the capitalist society that emerged in place of the feudal system merely served to abridge class antagonism by erasing multiple hierarchical classes and replacing them with two classes, the proletariats and the bourgeoisie (Marx and Engels para 10). The bourgeoisie refers to the wealthy class who own the means of production and can, therefore, accumulate incremental wealth by subjecting the proletariat into endless labor. On their part, the proletariat does not own the means of production and are forced to sell their labor cheaply to earn a living, ultimately sustaining the capitalist machinery. As mentioned, there is an intimate relationship between capitalism and racism. The basis for this postulation is the fact that capitalism as an economic ideology inevitably causes an exponential level of racial disparities. By its nature, capitalism favors the bourgeoisie over the proletariat (Marx and Engel 14) whoShow MoreRelatedPresident Obama s President Of The United States1500 Words   |  6 Pages In 1789, America saw the election of its first President, a man whom Americans could finally claim as their own after years of oppression by Great Britain, George Washington. The election of Washington symbolized the end of a period of confusion for America and the beginning of an unofficial precedent for the next 220 years. After Washington’s term ended, forty-two Caucasian males held the title of the President of the United States of America until January 20, 2009. January 20, 2009 signifiedRead MoreThe Election Of Barack Obama As President Of The United1250 Words   |  5 PagesThe election of Barack Obama as President of the United States is a defining moment in American history. After age of failed policies and failed politics from Washington, this is our chance to reclaim the American dream. Barack Obama has turned out to be a new kind of leader–one who can bring people together, be honest about the challenges we face, and move this nation forward. In that location were several unique aspects of the 2008 election. Why? Because the election was the maiden in which anRead MoreHow Hillary Lost to Obama in the Democratic Primary Election590 Words   |  2 Pagesto Obama in the Primary Election for democrat? In 2008 Hilary Clinton and Barack Obama went against each other in the Primary Election for who will run for president as a democrat. There are many factors involved in the Primary Election and choosing who will run for president. These two candidates come from different areas and the people’s opinion can affect the decision of who runs. Many factors could have influenced the loss of Clinton, also what was said and done in the time her and Obama wereRead MoreBarack Obam President Obama1107 Words   |  5 Pagesseldomly been more dire. Even Though he lost both parents at a relatively young age, and experienced an unconventional upbringing; Barack Obama is one of the most intelligent, and capable leaders to ever grace this country, and proof that one man can change the world. President Obama was born in Honolulu, Hawaii on August 4th, 1961 to Stanley Ann Dunham and Barack Obama Sr. His parents separated soon after he was born, and Stanley and a young Barack moved to Washington to pursue her degree. The nextRead MoreGrowing Up In The Red-State Of Kansas, I Naturally Gravitated1643 Words   |  7 Pagesevicting every trace of religion. But the most important lesson I had learned was that liberalism was a mental disease. So, after I took all that into account, I naturally became a republican. A few years later, when Obama had won the presidency, a friend of mine told me that Obama was going to implement martial law, confiscate all the guns, and then start allocating American citizens into concentration camps. When I asked him where he learned of this, he told me that he had read it from an articleRead MoreHealth Care Act ( Aca ) Or Obamacare1148 Words   |  5 Pagessenator from Illinois, Barak Obama, ran in the 2008 Democratic primaries with plans to revitalize the United States health care. Eight years later the Affordable Care Act (ACA) or Obamacare, is a trademark of the 44th presidents time in office. Receiving praise and criticism from both sides of the aisle, the topic became a debate topic throughout the election. Throughout President Trump’s campaign he had promised a full repeal and replacement of ACA by his 100th day in office, April 29th. As the 100thRead MoreAristotle s Influence On Democracy1561 Words   |  7 Pagesbelieve we’ve perfected th is tried and failed egalitarian system. After all, the entirety of the first world operates under political structures that can largely be described as democratic, and there is something intuitively, morally correct about every person having an equal say, right? On November 8th, 2016, when Hilary Clinton defeated Donald Trump in the 2016 presidential election, the academic elite screamed their approval. This was progress. This will go down as the iconic victory of tolerance overRead MoreThe Stately White Columns Fice Occupied By William J. Clinton Essay1685 Words   |  7 Pagesthe interior for The Arkansas capital lead to the executive office occupied by William J. Clinton only 30 years ago. After a successful college career at an elite university Governor Clinton decided make the move home to his birth state of Arkansas. Hillary Rodham begrudgingly followed along with fierce independence and a law degree. Rodham maintained a job at the university of Arkansas after her husband’s loss in a congressional election, and practiced law through court appointments. Eventually herRead MoreThe Faulty Nature of the United States Electoral College1286 Words   |  5 PagesThe electors - the elected officials that make up the Electoral College - are elected to office through a general election wherein the entire national population has the right to vote. The President of the United States, however, is actually elected to office by the Electoral College only, regardless of the popular vote of the citizens in general. Thus, the Presidential election is the only federal election in our nation where the vote of the citizenry does not directly determine the victor. DespiteRead MorePresidential Election : Donald Trump966 Words   |  4 PagesDonald Trump There is much dissention and controversy surrounding the political opponents and the upcoming presidential election that will occur in November 2016. Many candidates, both Democrat and Republican, along with their supporters, are setting precedence with their abusive and abrasive behavior. In many instances they are disrespectful, dishonest, uncooperative, and un-American in their pursuit of the highest political office in our country. The most aggressive and unprofessional candidate of

In The Two Works Of Literature, Dr. Faustus By Christopher

In the two works of literature, Dr. Faustus by Christopher Marlowe and Paradise Lost by John Milton, they both present the theme of the fall in regards to the main characters. In Dr. Faustus, Faustus fall is due to his inability to be satisfied with his occupation, so therefore he gives in to the Devil in order to do magic instead. Not only does the reader see Dr. Faustus give into the Devil, but in Paradise Lost Adam and Eve do as well. These two works show the main characters falling and giving into their temptations because they let their greed take over their reason and logic. Furthermore, in both works of literature the reader can see how the Devil tempts these characters, which leads to their fall. To start off, in Dr. Faustus,†¦show more content†¦Adam and Eve were the creation of the first man and woman of God. They knew what their job was and what their life entailed. Unlike, Faustus they did not pick what they wanted for themselves when they were put on Earth, God assigned their life for them already. On the other hand, Faustus grew up with what he knew and then decided that he was going to pick magic after having life experiences. Adam and Eve’s purpose of being put on Earth was to start humanity and live off the land that was given to them. Adam and Eve were supplied with food to live off of and angels to guide them. God was there for them and provided all their needs on Earth to start the beginning humanity. They had their plans set for them, but that was not good enough. Adam and Eve’s fall was because they were unable to follow the life that God supplied them with and went against his wishes. When Dr. Faustus decided he was going to pursue magic he knew what this meant. He knew that choosing magic over anything else meant that he was giving his soul to the Devil and deciding to go against God. Faustus had time to think about his actions and decisions when it came to making his final decision. He even had friends to talk to him about what he was choosing to do. Not only did he have friends to talk to about choosing magic, the reader can see his conscience talking to him about what the right and wrong thing toShow MoreRelated Christopher Marlowe’s Dr. Faustus and Modern Psychology Essay939 Words   |  4 PagesChristopher Marlowe’s Dr. Faustus and Modern Psychology Due to the fact that I recently finished reading Spirit and Will by Gerald May, I find my perception of Christopher Marlowe’s Dr. Faustus filtered through that book. May, a psychiatrist from the Shalem Institute for Spiritual Formation in Washington, D.C., makes a rather courageous attack on a sacred cow, modern psychology. He asserts that Psychology is fundamentally objective, secular, and willful whereas the core identity of religionRead MoreMary Shelleys Frankenstein and Christopher Marlowes Dr. Faustus1286 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Frankenstein’s Monster† as her character which embodies the traits of a romantic hero. The model was relatively new; however, Christopher Marlowe had written a character in the early fifteenth century which embodied the same characteristics. These attributes of romanticism in the form of a hero are seen in both Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein and Christopher Marlowe’s Dr. Faustus in very much the same way. The authors us e their respective hero to show the flaws in human nature and humankind’s predispositionRead MoreAnalysis of the Actions of Macbeth and Doctor Faustus Based on Free Will and Fate1677 Words   |  7 PagesMany scholars have debated whether the actions of Macbeth and Doctor Faustus in Shakespeare’s and Marlowe’s plays come from the characters themselves or whether they were following a predetermined fate. In the play The Tragedy of Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare, each character’s destiny, or fate, seems to be predetermined by the supernatural and unpreventable by any actions meant to stop it from occurring. The concept of fate is a large component in many Aristotelian Tragedies, such as MacbethRead MoreEssay on Frankenstein and Faustus1481 Words   |  6 PagesFrankenstein and Faustus The Alienation of Victor Frankenstein and Dr. John Faustus Victor Frankenstein and John Faustus are two characters that are alienated because of their intellectual curiosity. Faustus’s and Frankenstein’s pursuits of knowledge begin with an inexorable journey to their downfalls as they become alienated. Both characters attempt to exceed human ability and are alienated from God because of their attempts. These men are concerned with the secrets of nature and are ultimatelyRead More Doctor Faustus as Tragic Hero Essay examples3317 Words   |  14 PagesDoctor Faustus as Tragic Hero Doctor Faustus died a death that few could bear to imagine, much less experience.   After knowing for many years when exactly he would die, he reached the stroke of the hour of his destiny in a cowardly, horrid demeanor.   Finally, when the devils appeared at the stroke of midnight, tearing at his flesh as they draw him into his eternal torment, he screams for mercy without a soul, not even God Himself, to help him.   However, what to consider Doctor John Faustus fromRead MorePsychological Anxieties in English Literature Essay1965 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction TheAge of Christopher Marlowe and the Age of D.H.Lawrence diverge in their socio-political-cultural-literary background but the presence of psychological anxieties in all ages is indisputable in the history of mankind, now and then. The characters and their portrayal of their mental pang due to some peculiarity in their thought process depicted in the English literature were immensely appreciated by the public. In renaissance period the hero’s in Gorboduc, The Spanish tragedy, HamletRead More Transcendentalism in Beowulf and Antigone2110 Words   |  9 Pages Transcendentalism in Beowulfnbsp;and Antigonenbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; As time progressed through the various ages, Ancient to Renaissance, a trend began to form in the literature. The Ancient periods, reflected in the writings of the Taoists and the Greeks, were basically a time of transcendentalism. The gods of this era were treated almost as if they are friends to the people, or advisors; the gods controlled their fates and the uncontrollable, but the people were still very individualisticRead MoreMonarchy And Their Influences On Writers1582 Words   |  7 Pagescharacteristics that Beowulf had as a warrior. The Canterbury tales were written during the end of the 1380’s, when Chaucer became the Clerk of the Kings work in 1389. During the time, Richard the II was the ruler of England. During his rule, there was a â€Å"shift in culture of the court and citizens of Great Britain.† There was a revelation of history, art, and literature. This was also the time where every story that was being told, have been heard before because it has been passed on as oral history. ChaucerRead MoreThe Bible Tell Us And The Beginning Of The World2583 Words   |  11 Pagesorder to restore our personal relationship with him. Most people don’t realize that there are really only two ways to love in relationships, with either a worldly love or with the love of God. The Bible s view on relationships or rather, the definition of relationships is different than the worldly view. With any of these relationships, love can play a factor, and I also think there are two different kinds of love. I consider worldly love or relationships to be more about self, Worldly love is alwaysRead Moreâ€Å"the Spirit of Renaissance and Elizabethan Era†5448 Words   |  22 Pagesmodern age, as distinct from the ancient and medieval eras. Poets such as Edmund Spenser and John Milton produced works that demonstrated an increased interest in understanding English Christian beliefs, such as the allegorical representation of the Tudor Dynasty in The Faerie Queen and the retelling of mankind’s fall from paradise in Paradise Lost; playwrights, such as Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare, composed theatrical representations of the English take on life, death, and history

Creativity And Dyslexi An Investigation Study Of Divergent...

Aaron, P.G. and Guillemord, J-C. (1993). Artists as dyslexics. In D.M. Willows, R.S. Kruk and E. Corcos (Eds), Visual Processes in Reading and Reading Disabilities. Hillsdale, N J: Erlbaum, 393 ±415. Alexander-Passe. N. (2011) ‘Creativity and Dyslexia: An Investigation Study of Divergent Thinking’. Dyslexia and Creativity Investigations from Differing Perspectives 1-24 Amabile, T., 1996. Creativity in context. Westview press. Boden, C. and Giaschi, D., 2007. M-stream deficits and reading-related visual processes in developmental dyslexia. Psychological bulletin, 133(2), p.346. Cockcroft, K. and Hartgill, M., 2004. Focusing on the abilities in learning disabilities: dyslexia and creativity. Education as Change, 8(1), pp.p-61. Cohen, L.,†¦show more content†¦Reduced auditory M100 asymmetry in schizophrenia and dyslexia: Applying a developmental instability approach to assess atypical brain asymmetry. Neuropsychologia, 44(2), pp.289-299. Everatt, J., Bradshaw, M.F. and Hibbard, P.B., 1999. Visual processing and dyslexia. Perception, 28(2), pp.243-254. Everatt, J., Steffert, B. and Smythe, I., 1999. An eye for the unusual: Creative thinking in dyslexics. Dyslexia, 5(1), pp.28-46. Everatt, J., Weeks, S. and Brooks, P., 2008. Profiles of strengths and weaknesses in dyslexia and other learning difficulties. Dyslexia, 14(1), pp.16-41. Galaburda, A.M., Rosen, G.D. and Sherman, G.F., 1990. Individual variability in cortical organization: its relationship to brain laterality and implications to function. Neuropsychologia, 28(6), pp.529-546. Galaburda, A.M., Sherman, G.F., Rosen, G.D., Aboitiz, F. and Geschwind, N., 1985. Developmental dyslexia: four consecutive patients with cortical anomalies. Annals of neurology, 18(2), pp.222-233. Geschwind, N. and Behan, P., 1982. Left-handedness: Association with immune disease, migraine, and developmental learning disorder. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 79(16), pp.5097-5100. Geschwing, N., Galabura, A. M. 1987. Cerebral lateralization. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Gordon, H.W., 1980. Cognitive asymmetry in dyslexic families. Neuropsychologia, 18(6), pp.645-656. Gottardo, A., Siegel, L.S. and Stanovich, K.E., 1997. The assessment of adults with reading

Nel Cor Piu Non Mi Sento Free Essays

Nel Cor Piu Non Mi Sento Composed by: Giovanni Paisiello Nel cor piu non mi sento Brillar la gioventu; Cagion del mio tormento, Amor, sei colpa tu. Mi pizzichi, mi stuzzichi, Mi pungichi, mi mastichi; Che cosa e Questo ahime? Pieta, pieta, pieta! Amore e un certo che, Che disperar mi fa. Nel Cor Piu Non Mi Sento Giovanni Paisiello was the most popular comic composer of his time. We will write a custom essay sample on Nel Cor Piu Non Mi Sento or any similar topic only for you Order Now His operas (of which he is known to have composed 94) abound with melodies, the graceful beauty of which is still appreciated. His church music was very voluminous, composing of eight masses, besides many smaller works. He also produced 51 instrumental compositions and many detached pieces. As the eighteenth century operatic scene that surrounded and influenced Mozart emerged into clearer view, Giovanni Paisiello was recognized as one of its most significant shapers. He began composing opera as soon as he left the Conservatory of San Onofrio in Naples in 1763. In Naples, he soon became established as a popular local composer. He was noted for simplifying operatic style in the interests of getting more quickly to the plot and keeping it moving. His tendency towards concision was even greater strengthened when he accepted employment in the court of Catherine the Great of Russia in 1776. She demanded that productions in her theater last no more than an hour and a half. He strove to make his melodies more appealing, his orchestration more colorful, and make the music help illustrate the plot. This is clearly apparent in â€Å"Nel Cor Piu Non Mi Sento. This upbeat aria is one in which includes comic relief as well as a fast paced rhythm and mood. Well under two minutes, it is concise. Paisiello was known for his short compositions. This song does a great job of attracting people’s attention and keeping that attention, no matter how short or long the piece may be. â€Å"Nel Cor Piu Non Mi Sento† comes from â€Å"L’Amor contrastato, produced in Naples in 1789. It was performed throughout E urope for many, many years. In other cities, the opera was sometimes called different names. Nevertheless, this aria in general became immensely popular. Famous stars sang the elaborate piece, as Beethoven wrote piano variations of it. Audiences remembered â€Å"Nel Cor Piu Non Mi Sento† because it was simple. Also, it was repeated many times throughout the scene in the opera. It is sung by Rachelina, then by a tenor suitor, Colloandro, and the ending is repeated as a duet. Its short and quick rhythmic sound stuck in people’s minds in which contributed to the great success of this song. As for the character of this song, it is best shown through the actual character(s) it was written for. The scene of the opera takes place within Rachelina’s home in the countryside near Naples. Rachelina is described as â€Å"a rich mill-owner and imprudent in love. † In the scene, she is working; something that women in earlier operas seldom did. Sorrounding her I assume would be common items found within a home. I expect that she may be in her kitchen cleaning somewhere. As for what she wants, can be compared to what we all want. True love! Love has been driving her crazy and she does not feel as well as usual. She, like most of the world, does not understand how love can make us so crazy at times. Learning about a character that is already discovered and developed, it is almost easier to express emotion into this song. I believe this is because I am a woman and I can relate to how Rachelina is feeling. Also, I try to place myself in her shoes, and truly exert her emotions through my voice. It is a rewarding experience when you allow yourself to become another character. That’s what makes music so much fun! How to cite Nel Cor Piu Non Mi Sento, Essay examples

Workplace Diversity In Auckland City Hotel †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Workplace Diversity In Auckland City Hotel. Answer: Introduction The cultural diversity is referred to the different levels of the individual differences in the organization in relation to the sex, gender, ethnicity, social status, sexual orientation and others (Banks, 2015). The people from different backgrounds interpret the organizational events in a different manner and they look at the organizational problems in their own unique ways. The multi-cultural workforces bring strength for the company in which the diversity enhances the organizational productivity. The company practices as well as philosophy should be well-integrated with the diversity component and it should be supported by the organizational commitment. The organization should embrace cultural diversity with open-minded approach as well as being non-judgmental about the individual differences. This report would discuss about the organizational approach to workplace diversity and discuss about the relevant HR practices. The selected organization is Auckland City Hotel. The scope of the project would include the employment policies regarding the multi-cultural workplace. The operational as well as strategic goals of the organization along with maintenance of the service standards as well as quality assurance would be discussed. The project would also discuss about the financial viability as well as long-term growth of the hotel. The research methodology would include the secondary sources collected from the international publications, company website, books and others. Discussion: Diversity in the workplace Auckland City Hotel has great deal of cultural diversity since it has variety of people with different cultural background working together (Kim et al., 2016). The hotel has witnessed that the cultural diversity has benefitted a lot in several ways. The research findings have indicated that there are almost 15 kinds of nationalities that are working in the hotel. This ensures that the individual personalities are working in coordination so that they can achieve common organizational objectives (Auckland City Hotel, 2017). The hotel has witnessed a wide mixture of employees belonging to different race, gender, culture, working style and others. The company has started to embrace the cultural diversity since it is advantageous to the company in many ways (Auckland City Hotel, 2017). There has been an increase in the organizational productivity due to the fact that the individuals have been able to contribute differently in different circumstances. The multi-lingual staffs have ensured that the company would be able to provide good customer service as the hotel deals with different types of customers (Auckland City Hotel, 2017). The hotel is able to give unique experiences to the customers and make good decision-making initiatives (Auckland City Hotel, 2017). The company is able to fulfill the objectives by working on the same corporate goals and by working as a team. Auckland City Hotel has maintained good policies regarding the cultural diversity in the hotel. There has been self-awareness regarding the cultural differences in the hotel (Auckland City Hotel, 2017). The hotel does not make any biases as per their socio-cultural background and they give equal opportunities for all the members. They believe in the fact that if the employees are treated equally, then there would be an increase in the organizational productivity. Current HR policies concerned with multicultural workforce The multi cultural workforce brings different abilities, skills and diverse experiences to the organization, which is helpful in fulfilling the organizational goals (Nichols, Horner Fyfe, 2015). Auckland City Hotel has policies that initiate the equal importance to all the candidates while the recruitment process is going on (Auckland City Hotel, 2017). They do not discriminate between the candidates so that they can form static work environment. The recruitment policies also ensure that there is the selection of diverse workforce and there are different programs or creative strategies used by the company for on boarding a diverse set of employees (Auckland City Hotel, 2017). The company engages in performing culture assessment of all the individual departments of the organization with the help of interviews, focus group discussions and employee surveys (Heritage, Pollock Roberts, 2014). The culture changes in the organization are always driven by the senior management in the hotel and address all the relevant issues. The hotel aligns its recruitment activities as per the Equal Employment Opportunities provided by the Equal Employment Opportunities Trust (EEO), which was set up in the year 1992 so that the employees enjoy equal rights in the workplace (Diversity Works NZ, 2017). This organization helps in the better understanding of the diversity in the workplace and how it can be well integrated into the organization. The hotel works closely with this entity, which ensures that the organizational culture is supported by fairness, equality and the opportunity to help others to contribute against the diversity (Auckland City Hotel, 2017). It also improves the hotel capacity to see as well as connect with the outside world. The training and development used by the organization is one a basic one and it only includes the orientation about the basic job duties, organizational values and the job expectations from the candidates (Auckland City Hotel, 2017). However, there is no training for fostering the cultural diversity of the employees. The organization also doesnt have any training process for improving the communication gaps that are fostered by the multicultural team members. The ITO is the Industry Training Organization in the country which is recognized by the Associate Minister of Education (Tertiary Education) which is responsible for enhancing the national sill standards of the New Zealand labor industry (Nzqa.govt.nz, 2017). It also provides adequate information as well as advice to the employees and the new candidates. They are also responsible for monitoring of the quality training of the organization. The hotel works in close association with this association and makes sure that the employee s are well trained. Current industry best practices The modern-day organizations are gearing hard to accommodate the multiplicity of the viewpoints as well as supports cultures that drives decision-making and innovation in the organizations (Motoyama, 2016). These organizations strive to enhance the employee productivity and enhance the employee retention so that the organization is able to serve the customers well. The following are some of the best practices that are concerned with the multi-cultural workforces- Commitment of the top management of the firm so that they support a wide range of diversity initiatives Diversity is closely linked to the performance of the candidates so that there is an increase in the individual as well as organizational performance (McCarthy et al., 2013) More number of organizations is inclining towards accountability where the leaders are responsible for diversity measures by linking the employee compensation to the performance assessment (Klettner, Clarke Boersma, 2014). An increasing number of organizations are implementing management reporting systems in which the leadership are allowed to set appropriate goals and monitor the performance of the team members (Motoyama, 2016) An increasing number of corporate firms are looking beyond the compliance so that the individual differences are used to drive the business (Crane Matten, 2016). It is important to boost decision making, innovation and out of box thinking. Emphasizing on the creation of innovative ways in which the employees would be able to connect with each other. One of the major ways of doing so is the organization of the employee resource as well as affinity groups (Trevino Nelson, 2016). A network for mentoring and socializing is usually provided to the employees, which ensures that there are sufficient employee engagement activities in the organization. There are several organizations that are providing the diversity orientation program for the new joined employees which would discuss how the employees can leverage the diversity programs to achieve the organizational goals (Motoyama, 2016). Implications of current employment practice of Auckland City Hotel The hotel authority has improper communication mechanisms that exist between the various departments (Auckland City Hotel, 2017). There is presence of lots of cross-cultural employees, but there are inadequate channels of communication between the employees. This prevents the smooth functioning of the organization and there is inadequate team work that is reported in the organization. There are instances when there are language barriers between the employees as the employees from one country is unable to interpret the words of the employees coming from diverse backgrounds (Auckland City Hotel, 2017). The current organizational framework of Auckland City Hotel focuses more on the jobs and there are insufficient team interactions, in which the cross-cultural teams would be able to talk with each other and share their points of views. This often prevents the organization from realizing the team effectiveness (Auckland City Hotel, 2017). The hotel has bureaucratic management style in which the employees have least saying in the organizational decision-making. This often forces the government to make incorrect decisions as they do not consider the viewpoints of the employees. The organization does not provide professional training sessions to the front line employees, which are important for enhancing operational excellence. Apart from the basic organizational induction, the employees are not trained on soft skills, customer service etiquettes and other essential parameters, which help them to face customers in a better manner(Auckland City Hotel, 2017). The lack of training degrades the service quality of the organization, which in turn reduces the organizations capability to achieve organizational mission. Benefits of employing multicultural workforce The organizations have a lot of potential benefits when it comes to employment of the cross-cultural labors. They present a diverse pool of talents as well as corresponding ideas that is based on the different kinds of background of the employees (Barak, 2016). The following are the benefits of recruiting cross cultural employees- Operational and strategic goals- The cross-border employees have their own perspectives of understanding the strategic mission of the organization (Nichols, Horner Fyfe, 2015). One aspect of the organizational mission may be understood well by one employee while the other segment of the mission may be well-interpreted by the other employee (Nichols, Horner Fyfe, 2015). Their overall team effort helps the organization to meet its desired objectives. The level of coordination of the team members is also different from each other and one shortcoming of one member is well substituted by others. Maintaining service standards- The cross-border team ensures that there are multiple language experts in the same team (Nichols, Horner Fyfe, 2015). For example, in Auckland City Hotel, there are employees from almost 15 nationalities such as Japanese, Chinese, Chile, Peru, Malaysia, Thailand and others. There are also multiple nationalities guests arriving at the hotel, who would be satisfied if they are able to interact with the hotel staffs in their mother tongue language (Al-Esia Skok, 2014). This would enhance the customer satisfaction rates and hence would automatically increase the service standards of the hotel. Financial viability / sustainability- The research shows that the gender diversity has high impact on the organizational performance in which the high gender diversity of the company has been shown to give high performance returns (Nichols, Horner Fyfe, 2015). Disadvantages of employing multicultural workforce Operational and strategic goals The cross-cultural workforce would ensure that there would be certain level of issue concerning the language diversity. In the absence of communication proficiency in English, it would be difficult for the organization to coordinate between multiple team members and foster team work (Rozkwitalska, Su?kowski Magala, 2016). This would prevent the employees from achieving their full potential and attaining the organizational objectives. Maintaining service standards- A multicultural workforce often leads to faulty training modules since it is not possible for the organization to give customized training to the workforce (Rozkwitalska, Su?kowski Magala, 2016). The training provided by the organization may be suitable for one section of the workforce, while the other employees may not be able to utilize it fully (Przytu?a ,2017). This may create a skill gap in the workforce, due to which the organization may not be able to fulfill the service standards. Financial viability / sustainability- The individual differences may cause a decrease in the organizational productivity, which may result in a decreased operational excellence. This would in turn mean a loss of revenues as there would be more number of dissatisfied customers (Rozkwitalska, Su?kowski Magala, 2016). There are also instances when the multi-culture work culture implies that there would be high spending of the company and this may naturally increase the cost of retaining the manpower. Recommendations Auckland City Hotel should foster the cultural differences in the workplaces so that the employees are able to understand as well as appreciate each other. It should implement sensitivity training which would make the employees to act and communicate properly in the corporate scenario. There should be various kinds of topics that should be covered in the sensitivity training such as appropriate terminology, proper etiquette, and improvement of the communication styles and the elimination of the sexual harassments in the workplaces. The hotel should be open to hiring of the persons with physical as well as mental disabilities as they have immense potential in contributing well to the organizational growth. The advent of the new technologies is helpful in the recruitment of disabled persons in the organization. It has been seen that the disabled workers have unique set of talents as well as abilities, which should be well appreciated by the organization. The third recommendation for Auckland City Hotel would be foster more training and team meetings, in which the employees of the organizations would have a chance to interact with each other. This would enable the diverse workforce to interact with each other and know about their differences well. This would also ensure that there would be an improvement of the interpersonal relationship between the employees, which would enhance team productivity. Conclusion The management of the multicultural workforce is a tough affair and it requires perseverance as well as effort to ensure smooth functioning of such teams. Auckland City Hotel had several issues in managing their cross-cultural teams. There are many benefits of the multicultural workforce and these are responsible for enhancing the organizational productivity. The combined team effort of the cross-border team ensures that the organization is able to fulfill its mission. However, there are some issues concerned with the multi-culture team as well. I feel that the challenges concerned with the multicultural workforce can be solved with the help of focus on training and development, which should address the cultural diversity at the workplace. Adequate care should be taken so that the employees can contribute to improving the customer service quality of the hotel. The company should also try to address the issue of the language barriers by recruiting an interpreter or with the help of im proving the English-speaking capabilities of the employees. This would ensure that the company has sufficient opportunities for increasing the revenue generation. References Al-Esia, Z., Skok, W. (2014). Arab knowledge sharing in a multicultural workforce: a dual case study in the UAE.Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review,4(4), 1-10. Auckland City Hotel - Hobson. (2017).Achhobson.co.nz. Retrieved 15 October 2017, from https://www.achhobson.co.nz Banks, J. A. (2015).Cultural diversity and education. Routledge. Barak, M. E. M. (2016).Managing diversity: Toward a globally inclusive workplace. Sage Publications. Crane, A., Matten, D. (2016).Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Diversity Works NZ (2017). Diversity Works New Zealand. (2017).Diversity Works NZ. Retrieved 15 October 2017, from https://www.eeotrust.org.nz Heritage, B., Pollock, C., Roberts, L. (2014). Validation of the organizational culture assessment instrument.PloS one,9(3), e92879. Kim, J., Kim, P. B., Kim, J. E., Magnini, V. P. (2016). Application of construal-level theory to promotional strategies in the hotel industry.Journal of Travel Research,55(3), 340-352. Klettner, A., Clarke, T., Boersma, M. (2014). The governance of corporate sustainability: Empirical insights into the development, leadership and implementation of responsible business strategy.Journal of Business Ethics,122(1), 145-165. McCarthy, J. M., Van Iddekinge, C. H., Lievens, F., Kung, M. C., Sinar, E. F., Campion, M. A. (2013). Do candidate reactions relate to job performance or affect criterion-related validity? A multistudy investigation of relations among reactions, selection test scores, and job performance.Journal of Applied Psychology,98(5), 701. Motoyama, Y. (2016).Global companies, local innovations: why the engineering aspects of innovation making require co-location. Routledge. Nichols, P., Horner, B., Fyfe, K. (2015). Understanding and improving communication processes in an increasingly multicultural aged care workforce.Journal of aging studies,32, 23-31. Nzqa.govt.nz (2017).Nzqa.govt.nz. Retrieved 15 October 2017, from https://www.nzqa.govt.nz Przytu?a, S. (2017). Expatriate vs. Self-initiated Expatriate in the Multicultural Workplace of MNCs. InIntercultural Interactions in the Multicultural Workplace(pp. 227-250). Springer International Publishing. Rozkwitalska, M., Su?kowski, ?., Magala, S. (Eds.). (2016).Intercultural Interactions in the Multicultural Workplace: Traditional and Positive Organizational Scholarship. Springer. Trevino, L. K., Nelson, K. A. (2016).Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right. John Wiley Sons.

Master Harrold and the Boys free essay sample

Christy Weyer Group:24 Exercise 4:Master Harold and the boys Master Harold †¦and the Boys is a play that takes place inside the St. Georges Park Tea Room on a wet and windy Port Elizabeth afternoon in 1950. There is no customers in the restaurant the place is quiet with only the two native waiters known as Willie and Sam in the restaurant. After a while Hally also known as â€Å"Master Harold† enters the tea room arriving from school wet from the rain outside. The play continuously stays focus on the three main characters known as Sam Willie and Master Harrold, they briefly mention Hilda Samuels and Hally’s mother in the play through the play one can compare and contrast these two females from what we hear about them according to the third person, the way they are treated, spoken to and their actions towards the other characters in the play. We will write a custom essay sample on Master Harrold and the Boys or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hilda Samuels is known in the play as Willie’s dance partner. We come across the fact that she is also the mother of which she says is Willie’s child but he disagrees strongly â€Å"And how do I know is my baby? (Master Harrold and the boys 5). Hilda never comes to practice when Willie is waiting on her â€Å"Three nights now she doesn’t come practise†(Master Harrold and the boys 5)and in contrast to her Hally’s mother always shows up when her husband who is in hospital needs her †Because she’s at his bedside in hospital helping him pull through a bad turn†( Master Harrold and the boys 11). Willie abuses Hilda often he beats her when she does things wrong like not getting her steps right when they practice ballroom dancing which is very often. † You hit her too much† (Master Harrold nd the boys 6) or when she does things he does not like. Whereas Hally’s Mother she is the one who gives the orders†Be firm with him. You’re the boss†( Master Harrold and the boys 26)and she will not let anybody walk over her, but Hally stongly feels that his father has a way of over powering his mother. †Because I’m frightened you’ll give in to him†(Master Harrold and the boys 26). Willie has great respect for Hally’s mother we see that because he refers to her as madam†I ask Madam for my leave now and we practise every day†( Master Harrold nd the boys 29) but he has no respect for Hilda he calls her a bitch and a whore and ugly disrespectful names †Fuckin’ whore†( Master Harrold and the boys 5) â€Å"Hilda Samuels is a bitch! †( Master Harrold and the boys 5) Both Hilda Samuels and Hally’s mother has a child. We can see from this play from this play that Hally’s Mother is the Madam or as they prefer she is the boss, she makes the rules and gives the orders and Hilda she is a unreliable person she never sh ows up when it is expected from her and she does not stick to Willie’s side like she should. Hilda is not like Hally’s mother who has respect for her husband even though he is crippled, she rather causes problems for Willie â€Å"And now she’s also making trouble for me with the baby again. Reports me to Child Wellfed, that I’m not giving her money†( Master Harrold and the boys 5) Hally’s mother can also be described as a woman of power she owns the tea room and gives Willie and Sam their orders†she said I must clean the floors†( Master Harrold and the boys 9). Hilda can be described as poor and unstable because she relies on Willie for money to take care of their child and Harry’s mother as rich and stable we can see this because Hilda goes to the extent of giving Willie over to the welfare for not supporting his child. Hally’s mother in contrast can run her business on her own with her husband in the hospital and her son in school she takes control in her tea room. Bibliography Fugard,Athol. Master Harold And the boys,South Africa:Oxford University Press,1993

Using Essay Samples for Grade

Using Essay Samples for GradeThe formative years of an education is vital to the brain's growth, and many teachers have turned to the internet for grading essays in various subject areas. The subject of course is the subject matter and the essays are the specific essay and they are taken for one of three uses: to assess the student's ability to write an essay, to evaluate his or her intellectual maturity, and to grade an essay in relation to other essays that have already been written. We will use the latter for a moment.There are basically two ways to use essay samples on the internet, either as a resource to view the examples in order to give students a head start or as a standalone piece of writing for you to critique as you see fit. The best way to grade the online essays is as a way to take a quick glimpse into what kind of work is being done by your students. Often students will send in test answers to the class and you will need to analyze the passages and look for problems.Th e purpose of the essay samples is to give students a glimpse into the kind of research that is done, how hard the students would have to work to create their essay, and if they will make enough of an effort to be able to produce a piece of work. This can be an invaluable tool if you are grading assignments. The first thing that you want to do is go over the sample essay and analyze it to see if there are problems. Usually the source is stated in the instructions and in most cases the source of the information is the syllabus so be sure to check this out.With the help of the SAT or ACT, your students can be graded on an essay and not just by how well they read the essay and the use of the style and structure. It is best to see the sample pieces and to evaluate if the reading and writing are both appropriate and the grammatical errors are correct. Make sure that the grammar is accurate and the sentences flow well together.There are two ways to grade this type of essay, either by using the essay samples as a reference to review and revise the essay or by marking up the essay, or you can just mark up the entire paper. If the writing is obviously sloppy and the grammar errors are all over the place, then mark it up. There are also a number of strategies on how to format the essay for this grade. For example, you could use footnotes at the end of the passage and mark it up as such.The online essay is also a powerful way to look at what your students have accomplished during the semester. You can see their progress, what the grades are, and how much work they have actually put into their papers. It is also a good way to look at the types of papers and the works, the students have written because they will be more difficult to tackle and take a long time to process.The best essay samples for this assignment will be those that have been submitted by other students who already have completed their assignments and so have very little competition. These essays will includ e the same kind of things, either referencing or quoting the syllabus, but they will be more polished and many will be longer than the normal style.

Organisational Issues at Lufthansa Airlines

Organisational Issues at Lufthansa Airlines Introduction and Background With increased oil prices, airlines all over the world have found themselves in a position where reducing their operation costs seem the only viable way of remaining profitable. The situation in the industry is so bad that British entrepreneur Richard Branson, in his characteristic jest, once said that becoming a millionaire is easy if one was to start as a billionaire and venture into the airline industry.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Organisational Issues at Lufthansa Airlines specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Branson was referring to the loss-making potential that airlines are exposed to in current operating environment different factors are seemingly conspiring to reduce the profit-making potential of airlines. Such include rising oil prices and increased pressure from competitors (most especially low-cost airlines). Deutsche Lufthansa AG (Lufthansa Airlines), like other air lines across the world has opted to cut its costs in a bid to remain profitable. Unlike some of its competitors however, Lufthansa is also facing extra challenges brought about by its workers. Represented by their labour unions, Lufthansa workers have been on and off strike action since 2008. As recently as March 2013, the airline was insistent that it would continue with its austerity plans, which seeks to cut 3,500 employees and ‘force’ its employees to take longer work days (an extra hour per week), in addition to having no pay rise within a two-year period (Redl 2013). Lufthansa’s Chief Financial Officer (CFO) Simone Menne has been quoted saying that the company is â€Å"ready for new strikes, if necessary also by the pilots† as it pursues its long-term goals of cutting costs and enhancing its profit-making (Redl 2013, para. 6). Adamant that the cost-cutting measures were necessary to protect the company’s long-term growth, Menne stated that the management would not address employees because by so doing, the company would be compromising the airline’s future for the sake of short-term harmony. But what long-term growth was Menne referring to one may ask. Well, according to Redl (2013, para.4), â€Å"Lufthansa is trying to bolster its finances so it can avoid jeopardizing a planned multibillion-euro investment in new, more fuel efficient aircraft†. The main employees’ issues that Lufthansa is grappling with include a 5.2 percent wage increase demand, enhanced job security demands, and improved trainee conditions demands (The Hindu Business Line 2013). The employees are represented by two unions, namely Ver.di, and Unabhangige Flugbegleiter Organisation (UFO). The former is a large union representing a large number of employees at Lufthansa, while the latter is a niche union representing two-third of the flight attendants in the company (Lindsey 2012).Advertising Looking for research paper on bus iness economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Statement of the problem Considering that Lufthansa Airline employees may have an inkling of the financial status of their employer, this research paper seeks to find out some of the reasons why employees still demand wage increments. Additionally, the paper seeks to find out if the management at Lufthansa has behaved in a manner that has prompted employees to feels as if the organisation does not value their input into the company. Drawing from organisational behaviour theories, the paper will also find out if the behaviours exhibited by the employees should be interpreted as an indication of their dissatisfaction with the management. The paper will also investigate some of the viable solutions that Lufthansa can use to end the labour relations stalemate. Methodology This paper uses a review of literature as the main research method. Primarily, the researcher has used academ ic articles as the basis of theory, but has also used online newspapers articles and commentaries to understand the situation in Lufthansa. The researcher used keywords such as ‘managing labour disputes’, ‘managing strikes’, ‘labour disputes and organisational behaviour’ among others when searching various databases for academic articles for use in the literature review. The writer further obtained information about Lufthansa’s strike from online sources, but had to pay particular attention to the use of credible websites such as BBC, the Telegraph among others. The methodology was intentionally meant to help the researcher find, evaluate and synthesise information that would correspond with the task of statement of the problem as described above. Literature review According to Darlington (2012), employees do not always strike because their employers fail to grant them promotions, improved wages, or improved work environments. In some ca ses, the indifferent attitude displayed by the employer is enough to make workers down their tools. In an age where disagreements are bound to occur, Darlington (2012) observes it is how the organisation deals with employees who go on strike that really matters. For starters, Darlington (2012) argues that organisations must be willing to find out what caused the strike, take measures to resolve the strike, and control the consequences of the strike. Most notably, lean organisations are becoming an everyday occurrence in the workplace, and so are changing employee expectations and loyalties. Competition on the other hand, is forcing organisation to rethink and design strategies to improve productivity. According to Darlington (2012), the aforementioned factors present challenges and opportunities, which modern organisations must confront and/or gain meaningful insights from.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Organisational Issues at Lufthansa Airlines specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Writing specifically about the airline industry, Hirsch and Macpherson (2000) observe that though unlikely, labour strikes in the airlines industry can occur, especially if negotiations between airlines and labour unions stall. The labour unions in the airlines industry have substantial bargaining powers (Hirsch Macpherson 2000). Since it is not in the interest of labour unions and the employees they represent to bankrupt their employers, Hirsch and Macpherson (2000) observe that the airline industry (especially in the United States) has developed a compensation plan that enable unionised workers to earn more as the profits increase, and moderate pay increases when airlines are experiencing tight profit margins. For the aforementioned to happen, unions must be able to appropriate company profits, but the company must also embrace innovation in order to develop products and services that generate profits. In novation often comes from the human resource, and this means that increased profits (and the consequent improvement in wages) are a product of good management that encourages good organisational behaviour. The appropriation of company profits by unions also requires good sharing of information between the two parties. Information sharing between union and employers on the other hand requires a good working relationship between the two. According to Bryson (2001), the nature of relationships that exist between unions and employers depends on the efforts and motivation that each side applies towards creating a good working arrangement. According to Bryson (2001) persistent work stoppages through strike actions are a manifestation of the collective distrust and resentment that labour unions (and the employees they represent) have towards the employers. The main prerogative of creating a good relationship between the two parties however appear to remain with the employer; Bryson (2001, p. 91) for example observes, management can â€Å"foster a high trust relationship with employees by ensuring that unions have sufficient power to make a positive contribution to the running of the workplace†. Bryson (2001) further observes that adversarial relationships are also an indicator of the bad faith motives and questionable endgames between employers and employees (represented by labour unions). In some cases for example, disrespect of unions by employers motivate strike actions.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bryson (2001) however indicates that unions also (sometimes) play a part in creating bad relationships with employers. An example is when union’s bargaining is informed by politicised values, without paying particular attention to the employer’s ability to meet their demands. In a different study, Bryson (2005) observe that unions can also approach bargaining with doctrinaire views with the intention of establishing or enhancing their reputations among workers. In some cases, unions might even have the intention of solidifying their ranks as negotiators by assuming hard-line positions. Considering that strike actions (and the subsequent work stoppages) have greater negative consequences on the employer, Bryson (2005) argues that they (employers) should focus more on interest-based and integrative bargaining as a way of reducing the risks of work stoppages. Specifically, Bryson (2005) observes that negotiations should ideally emphasize commonalities between workers and their employers in order to attain goals and objectives that cater for the interests of both parties. By so doing, the parties would facilitate decision-making that is based on well thought-out assessments of the situation. The decision about work stoppages usually involves both parties making specific considerations. The employees for example judge the costs versus the benefits of such a strike by considering the anticipated price in lost wages, lost goodwill and a loss of concessions that the employer may have pledged against the predicted work stoppage outcome (Gunderson 2001). If the latter is more than the former, employees would no doubt opt to go on strike. The employers on the other hand contrast costs incurred during work stoppages against expected cost of increasing wages, and if the former is greater than the latter, Gunderson (2001) observes that employers usually agree to increase the wages. Through wage increment, the management of a company facing strike threats saves the company from absorbing work stoppage-related costs. Gunderson (2001, p. 444) further notes that unionised employees are â€Å"relatively protected from layoffs, and hence have little incentive to engage in concession bargaining unless a credible threat of a plant closing is imminent†. In some cases, employees may even want to extract high wages from firms that are near bankruptcy. Gunderson (2001) argues that while the intention of employees is to bankrupt a business, the management has a prerogative to protect the interests of the investors. Gunderson (2001) further observes that work stoppages/strikes occur as a result of erroneous outcome assessments by either the employer or the employees and their representative unions. This line of thinking suggests that strikes are mistakes, which result from imperfect information about the economic flexibility of either the employer or the unions. Gunderson (2001) further argues that if union members are well informed about their employer’s ability to tolerate production losses, and if employers are well informed about the union members’ capacity to go without remuneration, strikes would not occur. Drawing information form asymmetric information theories, Tracy (1987) supports the foregoing argument by observing that strikes are sometimes motivated by the union member’s attempt to extract information about the economic condition of the organisation from the employer. In other words, the limited information leads employees to distrust their employers, making strikes the only viable way of extracting information from them. The probability of strikes increases if either parties base their perceptions, demands and/or offers on the opponent’s current position (Darlington 2012). Relying on prevailing indicators (e.g. increased short-term profits and higher costs of living), may lead employees to ask for wage increments. However, if they would consider other leading indicators such as s ecurity of contracts, the threat of business failures, and the competitive environment, perhaps employees would be more considerate when placing their wage increment and other demands. Again, Darlington (2012) indicates that conflicting expectations can be corrected through effective information sharing, which would ideally enable parties to assess the cost and benefits of strike actions from a knowledge-based angle. In a different approach from Darlington (2012), Godard (1992, p. 162) argues that â€Å"strikes should be viewed primarily as expressions of worker discontent rather than a result of imperfect or asymmetrical information†. In a different article (Godard 1998, p.3) observes that the conventional employment relation places workers at a subordinate position to their employers, because, it is generally accepted that â€Å"capital hires labour†. Authority in the workplaces is hence exercised in a manner that places the interests of the owners above those of wor kers. Consequently, workers encounter difficulties related with trust, legitimacy and fairness. Godard (1998, p.3) therefore argues that strikes are largely a manifestation of the aforementioned difficulties, and should therefore be perceived as a â€Å"primary means through which workers are able to collectively voice discontent and distrust, either with the exercise of managerial authority in general, or with management’s position on a particular issue†. Apart from the economic consequences, Godard (1998) observes that strikes can also remodel how parties perceive themselves and each other. The changes in perceptions have implications on employees’ orientations towards work, unions, and their employer. Godard (1998) however observes that strikes are a reflection of the interactions between employers and employees, and the choices they make. Both the interactions and choices are shaped by variables in convention industrial relations, which may include among oth er things, social variables (trust, job satisfaction and effective communication), economic variables (profitability vs. Employee wages), and law variables (the consistency or lack thereof of labour laws with economic models) (Godard 1998). The literature sources reviewed herein reveal that employees chose to go on strike for different reasons. Key among such reasons is distrust in their employers. Such distrust can be triggered by ineffective flow of information between the employees and their employers among other things. The emergent theme from the literature review segment is that strikes are a medium through which employees communicate their dissatisfaction and distrust towards the management. From an organisational behaviour perspective, factors such as fear, moral concerns, affective concerns, and distrust among employees, and the management’s/employer’s inability to array such factors appear to be the underlying causes of strikes. Findings The first major strik e in Lufthansa was in September 2012 involving flight attendants. The strike occasioned some estimated â‚ ¬5-10 million losses to the company (BBC News 2012). The strike did not come as a surprise to analysts, who argued that it (the strike) was the culmination of negotiations which had taken more than a year and eventually stalled. Additionally, the management had deployed temporary workers on some routes despite resistance from unions representing the permanent employees. The deployment of such workers was interpreted to mean that the organisation did not mind what the employees (and their unions) thought. More exasperation on the employee’s side was triggered by a threat by Lufthansa Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Carsten Spohr, who prior to the September 2012 flight attendants strike, had said that the company would hire temporary workers to replace anyone who went on strike. Lindsey (2012) observes that the threat by Spohr triggered even more resistance from workers wh o were daring him to make good his threat. Welt (cited by Lindsey 2012) observes that even if such a threat would have worked to discourage employees from going on strike, it would have compromised the service provision by the same employees to customers. Welt (cited by Lindsey 2012) noted that in addition to Lufthansa being a transportation provider, it is the in-flight services that attract customers (especially considering that ticket prices is no longer a point of competition); as such, grumbling workers would likely offer poor in-flight services to customers and this would have inevitably reduce the airline’s ability to attract customers. Problem Analysis From a sociological approach, there are four interrelated issues that the management at Lufthansa failed to address, and which can be said to have led to increased dissatisfaction by the employees represented by the labour union. The first was the question of hiring temporary workers. At the time, every indication from the management showed that they were being hired to take up the jobs of permanent employees who chose to go on strike. Smith et al. (1993) observes that fear is an emotional result of a perceived threat or danger. It occurs in sudden or unexpected situations where it is believed that rewards or punishment are present (Smith et al. 1993). Fear also occurs when one perceive their control or ability to cope with a situation as being low. Ideally, people respond to fear by seeking support, confronting the situation, avoiding the situation, or practising self-control. In Lufthansa’s case, it would appear that employees responded to fear by confronting the situation and seeking support from the unions. Yet, the continued disregard of conditions set up by the union (e.g. the condition requiring Lufthansa to stop further recruitment of temporarily staff) was not headed by the airline. This could thus mean that the distrust between the two parties worsened. The second issue that the m anagement at Lufthansa failed to address appears to be affective; specifically, it would appear that a significant number of employees represented by both the UFO and Ver.di unions were demoralised by the management’s decision not to increase wages within a two-year period, while increasing the work periods by an hour. While the aforementioned measures were meant to be the employees’ contribution to the airline during the hard economic times, it seems the decision to implement them was not discussed and agreed upon by a majority of the employees. As such, a significant percentage of them felt that the management decision was imposed on them. The strikes, which the Chief Personnel Officer (CPO) at Lufthansa Stefan Lauer says are occurring at a three-months frequency, can thus be interpreted to be an indication that the management have been unsuccessful in convincing employees why the austerity measures are beneficial for both the airline and its employees in the long-te rm. The third factor which Lufthansa failed to address is related the morality of the strikes. According to CPO Stefan Lauer (cited by the Associated Press 2013), the union (ver.di and UFO) that have been pushing for increased wages for their members are motivated by a desire to improve their positions in the fragmented union landscape. In other words, Lauer is arguing that the unions understand quite clearly the reasons why wage increments and other demands placed on the airline cannot be met in the short-term, but their desire to gain credence among the employees they represent is blinding them. While Lufthansa may argue about the morality or lack thereof of the strike organised by unions, it would appear that the management has been adamant in its non-recognition that employees may have genuine issues that need to be addressed. The fourth and perhaps the most important factor that Lufthansa failed to deal with is distrust. Media is awash with news about the tough times faced by a irlines. This means that Lufthansa workers had an understanding of the economic pressures that their employer was facing. The fact that some employees are still clamouring for wage increments is an indicator that perhaps they do not believe that their employer’s financial situation is dire. As indicated elsewhere in this paper, it is not the intention of the employee to bankrupt their employers; after all, most employees understand that their job security is related to continued profitability of the firm. Notably, Lufthansa has indicated that wage increments would jeopardise its future plans to invest more fuel efficient aircrafts (Redl 2013). The question therefore begs, do the employees understand that fuel efficient aircrafts would benefit them, or do they perceive the short-term austerity measures as strategies to benefit their employer in future at their short-term expense? Clearly, such is a question that would clear the air of distrust that exists between Lufthansa and its employees. Possible solutions/ discussion The first possible solution involves Lufthansa compromising its current position and agreeing to the wage increment and working conditions improvements as demanded by the unions. Such an action would correspond to Gunderson’s (2001) views that in some cases, employers cannot concede to wage concessions, and even prefer layoffs, because they have information regarding their ability to pay, that the unions and the employees may not have. Again, such an argument refers to the asymmetric information argument, which Gunderson (2001) observes is a product of the principle-agent framework. The second possible solution involves Lufthansa upholding its stance and using legal means (as it has already indicated) to resolve the dispute. In the meantime, the airline would have to brace itself for occasional disruption to operations and consequent losses whenever the unions call for a strike. As indicated by Gunderson (2001), pleading inabilit y to pay is one way that employers can refuse to meet the high wage demands, and justify layoffs. Considering how costly strikes are, it would be generally understandable that employers would meet the pay demands (and other conditions) if its finances were in good shape; However, the fact that the organisation is absorbing costs occasioned by frequently strikes could arguably mean that the firm is honest in its inability to pay. The third solution would be negotiating for a new deal, which meets the employees in the middle (i.e. agree to some wage increments (ideally the amount should be less than the 5.2% demand by the unions). Already, Lufthansa has offered a 1.2 % wage increase offer with no job guarantees, but it would appear that the Ver.di union is not content with the offer’s contents. If negotiations fail, Lufthansa can table its final offer or state its final conditions, in which case the unions would either have to take or refuse the same. The fourth solution would probably follow British Airways (BA) response to the cabin crew strike led by the Unite Union. BA had responded by removing travel concessions from its cabin crew members who had participated in the strike, and subjecting some of them to disciplinary action. Additionally, the airline used volunteer crew, borrowed some from other airlines and chartered jets (BBC News 2011). During the 7-day strike in 2011, BA reportedly operated 58 percent of its short-haul flights and 79% of its long-haul flights (BBC News 2011). Although it operated below capacity during the seven days, it managed to send a clear message that no one is indispensable. As a result, some workers chose to work during the strike and by so doing, BA succeeded (albeit to a minor degree) in weakening the support that the union enjoyed from employees. Solution and implementation Considering the tough stance taken by both Lufthansa and Ver.di, it would appear that the third solution above (i.e. negotiating) a new deal is the most viable way of resolving the dispute. Before commencing the negotiations however, it would be advisable for Lufthansa to verify whether the strike by workers is as a result of information asymmetry or just a frantic measure by the employees to communicate their discontent and distrust towards the management. Lufthansa must also look into the possibility that Ver.di (and other unions) is using the strikes to remain relevant in a fragmented labour union environment. Whatever the case, Lufthansa must be willing to improve its communication with employees in order to make them willing to support the firm in its long-term strategies. For example, the firm must be willing to explain why the freezes on wage increments were necessary during the two-year period, and must also engage employees the decision to either scrap or uphold the one-hour-per-week work extension. Additionally, the management must specifically pay attention to work councils, because as Europa (2011, p. 8) indicates, they â€Å"are the main form of employee representation at the establishment level†. Engagement with the councils would thus provide a platform from where Lufthansa can address employee concerns in a manner that improves information sharing and trust levels. Through the councils, the management can attempt to appeal to personalities, while reiterating the need to develop citizenship behaviours. According to Ilies et al. (2009), employees who feel valued by the employer are more likely to exhibit good citizenship behaviours, and are even more likely to be satisfied in their jobs even when wages increments are not forthcoming. Ilies et al. (2009) observe that agreeableness and conscientiousness is more evident in organisations with high rates of job satisfaction. Notably, however, job satisfaction is the result of careful development of a deliberate organisational culture, which in addition to enhancing satisfaction, improves other employee dimensions such as performance, comm itment, strategy implementation and cohesion (Lund 2003). Justification It is widely agreeable among scholars that there are no final or definitive solution to the challenges and problems that organisations face. However, Lund (2003) indicates that the dynamics of organisational behaviour requires managers to recognise and separate the bad ideas from the good. Additionally, Lund (2003) observes that managers need to know when to be artful and when to be scientific. In Lufthansa, it would appear that the scientific approach to handling and appealing to employees to support the firm during the tough economic times is not working. Threats do not seem to be working. As such, perhaps it is time that Lufthansa tried to be artful. Effective communication and convincing employees that their future in the company depends on the short-term austerity measures is an ideal way to start. Adopting a cooperative approach towards resolving disputes would also be a wise idea for adoption by the Lufth ansa management. Notably, Lufthansa is not lacking lessons from its past, which it can learn from. In 1999 for example, the airline signed a pay agreement with its employees, which indicated the commencement of wage increments after years of stagnation following its 1991/1992 operational crisis. The years between 1992 and 1999 were termed as â€Å"years of sacrifice† since the firm had to restructure for purposes of enhancing its profit-making potential (EuroFound 2002, p. 13). The eight-year period portrayed that successful labour relations are possible if both parties (employees and employers) understand each other, and share similar goals (at least in helping the organisation to regain its footing in the market). Of special interest to the current management at Lufthansa would probably be the combined use of labour relations, personnel policy and management strategy in the restructuring years as indicated by EuroFound (2002). The smooth relations between the management and the employees (despite heavy union presence at the time) was according to EuroFound (2002, p. 13), a product of the â€Å"traditionally co-operative, consensual and relatively peaceful labour relations at Lufthansa†. The use of the word ‘traditionally’ in the foregoing quote creates the impression that labour relations at Lufthansa have not always been confrontational as witnessed since 2008. Ideally, such information should provide the current management with thought-provoking lesson. Ideally, the management should find out when and why labour relations changed from being â€Å"cooperative, consensual and relatively peaceful† as indicated by EuroFound (2002, p.13), to the current approach where work stoppages have become a regular occurrence. Conclusion From the literature review, and the findings of this research, it is clear that both Lufthansa and employees have valid reasons to their divergent views and positions. On one hand, the management at Lufth ansa has the right to protect the investors’ interests by upholding a wage bill that is within its ability to pay. Employees on the other hand have a right to petition their employer for wage increments and improved working conditions. Both parties are aware of the tough operating environment that airlines face, but it would appear that the employees do not believe their employer’s claim about inability to pay. As indicated herein, it could also be that employees are out to bankrupt the employer, or the unions are just using the strikes to remain relevant. Whatever the case, it would appear that the relationship between Lufthansa and its employees is fraught with distrust. Notably and as indicated in the discussion section, Lufthansa has several approaches with which it can resolve the labour relations problems it is currently facing. The approach Lufthansa takes must be based on the recognition of the important role that its human resource function plays. However, it must also balance the needs and wants of its human resource with the business objectives of the company. In other words, the company needs to embrace a solution that will guarantee its sustainability. One such approach is negotiating a new deal, whose main premise will be founded on trust and transparent sharing of information. References Associated Press 2013, ‘Lufthansa cancels about 1,700 flights amid strike’, The Montana Standard. Web. BBC News 2011, ‘QA: What’s the BA dispute about?’ BBC News Business. Web. BBC News 2012, ‘Lufthansa cancels flights as crew stage second strike’, BBC News Business. Web. Bryson, A. 2001, ‘The foundation of ‘partnership’? Union effects on employee trust in management’, National Institute Economic Review, vol.176, no.1, pp. 91-104. Bryson, A. 2005, ‘Union effects on employee relations in Britain’, Human Relations, vol.58, no.9, pp. 1111-1139. Darlington, R. 2012, à ¢â‚¬ËœThe interplay of structure and agency dynamics in strike activity’, Employee Relations, vol.34, no.5, pp. 518-533. EuroFound 2002, ‘Pacts for employment and competitiveness: case studies Lufthansa AG’, European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. Web. Europa 2011, Germany: industrial relations profile- facts and figures. Web. Godard, J. 1992, ‘Strikes as collective voice: a behavioural analysis of strike activity’, Industrial and labour relations review, vol.46, no. 1, pp. 161-175. Godard, J. 1998, ‘strikes and the law: a critical analysis’, Industrial Relations, vol. 53, no.2, pp. 258-277. Gunderson, M. 2001, ‘Economics of personnel and human resource management’, Human Resource Management Review, vol. 11, pp. 431-452. Hirsch, B. T. Macpherson, D. A. 2000, ‘Earnings, rents and competition in the airline labour market’, Journal of Labor economics, vol.18, no.1, pp. 125-155. Il ies, R., Spitzmuller, M., Fulmer, I. Johnson, M. 2009, ‘Personality and citizenship behaviour: the mediating role of job satisfaction’, Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 94, no.4, pp. 945-959. Lindsey, D. 2012, ‘The world from Berlin: ‘A question of Lufthansa’s very future’’, Spiegel Online. Web. Lund, D. B. 2003, ‘Organisational culture and job satisfaction’, Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, vol. 18, no.3, pp. 219-236. Redl, N. 2013, ‘Lufthansa cancels 690 flights as workers strike’, The Wall Street Journal (US Edition). Web. Smith, C., Haynes, K., Lazarus, R. Pope, L. 1993, ‘In search of the â€Å"hot† cognitions: attributions, appraisal and their relation to emotion’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 65, no. 5, pp. 916-929. The Hindu Business Line 2013, We will not risk long-term growth for short-term harmony: Lufthansa finance chief. Web. Tracy, J. S. 1987 , ‘An empirical test of an asymmetric information model of strikes’, Journal of Labour Economic, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 149-173.